Classical Conditioning And Its Effects On The Environment

Classical Conditioning focuses on stimuli in the environment, such as noise, light, shock, and taste of food, that automatically evoke reflex responses. These stimuli are known as unconditioned stimuli, while the responses they elicit are known as respondents, which are often involuntary or automatic seeing as the individual has no control over them. An example of a respondent would be an individual exhibiting a startle reaction in response to a loud noise. A conditioned stimulus, or a neutral stimulus, can become associated with an unconditioned stimulus that evokes the response and if the two are presented simultaneously, the conditioned stimulus alone will eventually evoke the response. In classical conditioning, a new stimulus gains the ability to evoke a respondent behavior within the individual (Craighead, Criaghead, Kazdin, Mahoney, 1994). Aversion Therapy is an example classical conditioning. This type of therapy has been used clinically on patients who exhibit inappropriate sexual desires, or who have committed criminal acts involving molestation. An example of this form of classical conditioning can be seen in a study that was conducted by Rice, Quinsey and Harris which investigated sexual recidivism among child molesters through the use of a laboratory-based aversion therapy designed to alter sexual age preferences (Rice, Quinsey, Harris, 1991). The study examined 153 subjects, all males who, upon admission to a maximum security psychiatric institution, hadShow MoreRelatedA Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning1477 Words   |  6 PagesOperant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). 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